Tunnel advanced geological forecasting encompasses methods such as geological survey, advanced drilling, geophysical prospecting, and pre-excavation forecasting methods. Each forecasting approach comprises the following aspects:

Geological Survey: This involves supplementary surface geological surveys for tunnels, in-tunnel face geological sketches, tunnel bore geological sketches, underground and surface correlation analysis of stratigraphic and structural lines, geological mapping, and more.

Advanced Drilling: This includes advanced geological drilling, deep borehole detection, and in-hole photography.

Geophysical Prospecting: Methods encompass elastic wave reflection techniques (seismic wave reflection, horizontal acoustic profiling, negative velocity method, and minimal-offset high-frequency continuous reflection profiling, among others), electromagnetic wave reflection methods (ground-penetrating radar detection), high-resolution direct current method, infrared detection, and more. Elastic wave reflection techniques encompass TSP, TST, TRT, HSP, among others. Among them, seismic wave reflection method (TSP) and ground-penetrating radar method (electromagnetic wave reflection) yield notable outcomes.

Pre-Excavation Forecasting via Pre-Excavation Shafts: This involves methods like parallel pre-excavation shafts and straight tunnel pre-excavation shafts.
Each method contributes to comprehensive tunnel advanced geological forecasting, ensuring proactive measures for construction safety and efficiency.